The Driving Factors, Mechanism and Result Effects of Entrepreneurial Bricolage From the Perspective of Different Entrepreneurial Contexts

Entrepreneurship bricolage is an important way for entrepreneurs to dynamically tap and use existing resources to achieve the purpose of entrepreneurial activities based on the entrepreneurial context. The research on the result effect, driving factors and mechanism of entrepreneurship bricolage in different entrepreneurial contexts can provide a new perspective for the effective use of resource endowments for entrepreneurial enterprises. A systematic analysis of 115 documents collected in the field of entrepreneurial bricolage in recent years found that the driving factors of entrepreneurial bricolage from the perspective of different entrepreneurial contexts differ depending on the growth stage and resource endowment status of the enterprise; There are differences in the mechanism of entrepreneurial bricolage from the perspective of different entrepreneurial contexts in the macro entrepreneurial environment, the meso entrepreneurial organization, and the micro entrepreneurial individual; The effect of entrepreneurial bricolage from the perspective of different entrepreneurial contexts is different in two aspects about research theme and research purpose. The research conclusions are helpful for domestic scholars to put forward countermeasures and suggestions to promote the high-quality development of regional innovative and entrepreneurial enterprises based on the current status of research in the field of entrepreneurial bricolage, combined with factors such as China's current economic background and entrepreneurial situation differences.


Introduction
Global Entrepreneurship Observation research shows that innovation and entrepreneurship is an effective way for residents of a country or region to achieve jobs, create wealth and promote sustainable economic development (Seuneke et al., 2013), and its outcome effect can be verified by the extraordinary achievements of emerging market countries in the process of economic development. As is known to all, as a vast country with transition economy, China has obvious differences in the innovation and entrepreneurship environment in the eastern coastal areas and the central and western regions, that is, the market mechanism and infrastructure in the eastern coastal areas are relatively perfect, while the central and western regions are relatively lagging behind. Compared with the eastern coastal areas, innovation and entrepreneurship activities in the central and western regions are facing relatively backward entrepreneurship system and resources and environment. Based on this feature, some scholars put forward suggestions to make full use of resource endowment, build different regional resource integration mechanisms, and promote the high-level and high-quality development of regional innovation and entrepreneurship (Lai, 2019). However, in order to build the resource integration mechanism in different regions, it is first necessary to clarify the driving factors, action mechanism and outcome effect of entrepreneurial bricolage in different entrepreneurial situations, and the current academic circle has not explored this problem in detail. became a research hotspot in the field of entrepreneurship. In 2009, Chinese scholars Wang and Tian took the lead in applying the entrepreneurial bricolage theory to China's entrepreneurial practice. Since then, research on the connotation, characteristics, driving factors, bricolage process and bricolage results of entrepreneurial bricolage have been gradually carried out. In order to verify the embeddability of the entrepreneurial bricolage theory in the context of Chinese entrepreneurship, some scholars have specially compared it with the Chinese-style management "convergence" theory (Lu et al., 2015). According to the embedding theory, human economic behavior is embedded and entangled in economic and non-economic systems (Granovetter, 2017), and entrepreneurs' entrepreneurial decisions will inevitably be affected by the economic and social environment of enterprises. This means that in different economic and social backgrounds or entrepreneurial situations, the drivers, mechanisms and outcome effects of entrepreneurship bricolage will show different differences. Looking at the existing achievements of the field of entrepreneurship at home and abroad, scholars take a specific country or region as a whole, and lack in-depth comparative analysis of the different characteristics of the above three, which provides important basic conditions for the theoretical research and analysis of this paper.
To sum up, this paper focuses on the research path of "driver factor---mechanism of action---result effect" of entrepreneurship from the perspective of different entrepreneurial situations. Through the sorting out, we try to answer the following questions of previous literature: Are there any differences in the bricolage drivers of different entrepreneurial scenarios? Will the drivers further lead to differences in the mechanism of action? Then it makes the result effect of entrepreneurial bricolage also show a certain difference? Finally, through in-depth analysis of the current situation of entrepreneurship bricolage and application from the perspective of different entrepreneurial situations, combined with the current economic background and entrepreneurial situation in China, this paper puts forward the perfect issues that fit the high-level and high-quality development of innovation and entrepreneurship in various regions in China.
In addition, in order to facilitate the in-depth analysis of the related research in the field of entrepreneurial bricolage, this paper divides the entrepreneurial situation into developed areas and underdeveloped areas. The research area defines the sample literature research area as the developed countries and the southeast coastal areas of China as the entrepreneurial situation as the less developed countries and the central and western regions of China. At the same time, in order to obtain the sample literature that is highly consistent with the research theme, the literature search method used in this paper is: "resource bricolage", "entrepreneurial bricolage", "resource bricolage" and "entrepreneurial bricolage" as the keywords, and search and screen the titles, abstracts and keywords in WOS and CNKI databases (2005 to 2020); The principles of literature screening adopted are as follows: First, read the abstract part of the relevant Chinese and English literature one by one, and select the academic literature suitable for the research topic of this paper; Second, the literature research sample must have a clear regional description, in order to facilitate the division of different entrepreneurial situations. Finally, 52 English documents and 63 Chinese documents were used as the basis for the theoretical research and analysis of this paper.

The Driver of Entrepreneurial Bricolage in Different Entrepreneurial Scenarios
Existing research shows that the difference in the enterprise growth stage will directly affect its resource endowment state (redundancy or lack or both), so the research of entrepreneurial bricolage driving factors can not be simply attributed to the perspective of different entrepreneurial situation enterprise has resource endowment, more should consider the essential characteristics of the enterprise. Therefore, from the perspective of the space-time dimension of enterprise growth, this paper mainly focuses on the incumbent enterprises and new enterprises as the research objects, analyzes the differences in the entrepreneurial driving factors in the entrepreneurial situation of developed and less developed areas. In the situation of entrepreneurship in developed areas, there is resource redundancy, and new enterprises are lack of resources; Under the situation of entrepreneurship in underdeveloped areas, new enterprises are lack of resources; There are both redundancy and lack of resources in institutions such as entrepreneurial ecosystem and business incubators to promote the sustainable development of new enterprises, indicating that the allocation of resource endowment is not balanced in different entrepreneurial situations. First of all, in the context of entrepreneurship in developed areas, the system, resources, market environment and other conditions are relatively perfect. It is easier for enterprises to build a regional resource integration mechanism through entrepreneurship and improve entrepreneurial performance, but it cannot become a strategic mode choice for long-term development. On the one hand, for incumbent enterprises, different redundant resources have different impact on entrepreneurial performance, that is, unabsorbing redundant resources can accelerate the frequency of resource pooling strategy adopted by enterprises, but absorbing redundant resources will directly stimulate the resource pooling ability of enterprises (Zhao et al., 2017;. But it is important to note that this kind of enterprise resource scarcity phenomenon does not exist for a long time, entrepreneurial subject will only venture together as a transitional strategy in the process of enterprise development (Senyard, 2015), into the mature enterprise generally will only choose high quality resources as its development conditions, and for uncertainty effect or non-standard resources, enterprises generally due to high risk cost and not considered; On the other hand, for start-ups, entrepreneurial bricolage can improve the efficiency of enterprises to overcome the dilemma of resource shortage, and promote enterprise growth in a low-cost and fast response way (Zhu, 2015). But it is important to note that as the enterprise enters a stable stage of development, the backlog of unprecipitated redundant resources due to free liquidity, the low degree of entrepreneurial environment embedded will reduce resource utilization efficiency, it is difficult to produce new products (Li and Huo, 2015), and excessive bricolage and may bring negative effects to enterprise innovation and development. Secondly, under the situation of entrepreneurship in underdeveloped areas, the conditions of system, resources and market environment are relatively weaker than those in developed areas, making it difficult for new enterprises to obtain the required resources from the outside. Entrepreneurship bricolage has become an important way for enterprises to solve the dilemma of lack of resources. Li and Long (2019) pointed out that the relatively backward economic and social development status in poor areas will make new enterprises face the dilemma of resource constraints, and the development and utilization of rival limited resources through the entrepreneurial bricolage strategy can improve the growth performance of new enterprises.
The above research points show that the application of entrepreneurial bricolage theory is different in different enterprises, and they bring positive effects to different types of enterprises. At present, China is in the period of economic transformation, and the allocation of resources in different economies is not balanced, which leads to the different utilization efficiency of different enterprises. First, scholars who study China's incumbent enterprises believe that during China's economic transformation period, large and medium-sized enterprises will inevitably leave some relatively backward production capacity resources, and entrepreneurship bricolage can provide important ideas for how to use these high-cost and low-efficiency resources, and then explore entrepreneurial opportunities (Li, 2019;Lin, 2019)); Second, scholars studying Chinese start-ups believe that the lack of legitimacy, information asymmetry and incomplete performance records make it difficult for new enterprises to obtain the needed resources through external transactions, so they have to shift their attention to the creative bricolage of internal resources of enterprises (Wang et al., 2017); Scholars to promote the sustainable development of Chinese entrepreneurial enterprises believe that during the transition of unbalanced allocation of resources, redundant resources and resource constraints often exist in the process of enterprise development, there is no strict boundary, entrepreneurs need to face the value of idle resources and lack of resources, entrepreneurship together can provide a new perspective for entrepreneurial activities (Xue et al., 2017;Lv et al., 2018).

The Mechanism of Entrepreneurial Bricolage at the Macro Level
(1) Entrepreneurial situation in developed areas. The research theme focuses on the impact of environmental easing, environmental turbulence, industry attributes and other factors on entrepreneurial bricolage. First of all, from the perspective of environmental easing, the U-shaped relationship between the loose entrepreneurial environment and entrepreneurial bricolage is presented, that is, when the loose environment is low, the probability of enterprises to obtain resources from the outside is small, and solving the resource dilemma through entrepreneurial pooling can reduce its cost and investment; With the improvement of the relaxed entrepreneurial environment, the increase in the probability of enterprises to obtain resources will reduce the implementation of the entrepreneurial bricolage strategy; However, when the entrepreneurial environment is very relaxed, enterprises will have more available resources at hand, and entrepreneurial bricolage is more conducive to the realization of entrepreneurial purpose (Geoffreyd, 2013). Secondly, from the perspective of environmental turbulence, due to the different purposes of entrepreneurial bricolage, the changing entrepreneurial environment affects entrepreneurial bricolage differently with entrepreneurial performance and innovation performance. In a changing environment, enterprises need to try various opportunities, which will not only increase the cost of resources, but also cause a certain degree of waste, resulting in enterprises unable to have enough resources to pooling activities in specific areas, weakening the positive relationship between resource pooling and enterprise performance (Diane and David, 2016). Finally, from the perspective of industry attributes, entrepreneurial bricolage is more suitable for industry environment, customer demand, products, technology change fast or uncertainty under the influence of enterprise strategy model, Garud and Karne (2003) on the study and the wind turbine industry in the Netherlands, reflects the industry attributes on the impact of this characteristic.
(2) Entrepreneurship situation in underdeveloped areas. The research topics focus on the impact of the lack of institutions, limited resources, value chain gap, social support and so on on the entrepreneurial bricolage. First of all, the lack of system is the main reason that restricts the sustainable development of innovation and entrepreneurship activities in underdeveloped areas. Wu et al. (2020) believe that establishing an inclusive market in the sharing economy atmosphere, allowing entrepreneurs to interact with multiple stakeholders (entrepreneurs, local residents, the government) at the same time, and even sharing resources, can alleviate the negative impact of the weak institutional environment on entrepreneurial activities. On the one hand, formal or informal high social support can strengthen the relationship between resource pooling and utilization of innovation (Huo and Liu, 2020); In an entrepreneurial environment without economic and social support or limited resources, entrepreneurial bricolage is an important way to mobilize non-standard and idle resources to create livelihood or increase income for residents (Lv et al., 2018). On the other hand, under the action of the weak institutional environment, the gap in the market value chain in underdeveloped areas will make it more difficult for entrepreneurs to obtain the resources needed for entrepreneurship, and have to shift their own development to reconstruct the existing resources of enterprises (Diane and David, 2016). Therefore, in the context of entrepreneurship in underdeveloped areas, entrepreneurs fully integration of limited internal and external resources will improve the adverse impact of entrepreneurial environment, and even form a good interactive relationship between the two.
To sum up, there are great differences in the mechanism of entrepreneurial bricolage in the macro entrepreneurial environment under different entrepreneurial situations. In the context of entrepreneurship in developed areas, the entrepreneurial environment is the external influencing factor for enterprises to achieve growth performance, innovation performance and other purposes through entrepreneurial bricolage; In the context of entrepreneurship in underdeveloped areas, entrepreneurship bricolage has become an important way for enterprises to break through the dilemma of lack of resources and further improve the entrepreneurial environment. This combing results reflect the study of the situational factors and outcome effects of entrepreneurship.

The Mechanism of Entrepreneurial Bricolage at the Middle Level
(1) Entrepreneurial situation in developed areas. The research topics focus on exploring the factors driving the bricolage (the capital and ability owned by the organization), improving the effect of the bricolage (organizational structure and cultural atmosphere), and the impact of the external environment of the organization. First, organizational cognitive flexibility (Zuo and Zhou, 2017), knowledge stock (Guo and Zhang, 2016), intellectual capital (He et al., 2019), organizational learning ability (Elaine and Frances, 2006), opportunity recognition , creativity and collaboration are all factors driving entrepreneurial bricolage behavior, but organizational assimilation ability has the opposite role in driving entrepreneurial bricolage behavior (Preeta, 2009); Second, by the organization participatory decision-making and high correlation, synergy, learning atmosphere of organizational structure and cultural atmosphere more conducive to promote entrepreneurial bricolage effect (Zhao and zhang, 2016), and organization trust culture atmosphere is the information in the organization flow and spread of lubricant, is conducive to novel bricolage scheme (Elaine and Frances, 2006); Again, organization reputation and entrepreneurial bricolage presents U-type relationship (Geoffreyd, 2013), when the organization reputation is low, obtain external resources will make organization tend to use entrepreneurial bricolage to meet resource demand, and when the organization prestige, its status advantage will be easier to obtain entrepreneurial resources, thus dependence on entrepreneurial bricolage will reduce, but when organization reputation is higher, organization easy to accumulate a lot of redundant resources, the organization entrepreneurial bricolage behavior will increase.
(2) Entrepreneurship situation in underdeveloped areas. The research theme focuses on exploring how different organizations can mobilize resources to overcome the resource bottlenecks encountered in the process of enterprise growth. Bojica (2014) pointed out that the lack of resources in underdeveloped areas makes the strategic decision of the organization become the overall action plan of enterprise operation, and different strategic decision choices will affect the relationship between entrepreneurial bricolage and entrepreneurial performance. For social enterprises, the implementation of entrepreneurial bricolage behavior strategy can quickly embed entrepreneurial activities into the local entrepreneurial environment and make enterprise development more flexible (Hota et al., 2019); For multinational enterprises, their creative mobilization and bricolage of internal and external resources can help organizations overcome the limitations of scarce resources (Minna et al., 2012); For micro-enterprises operating in the informal economy, the creative use of seemingly scattered and invalid resources can lead to a certain economic income (Diane and David, 2016).
To sum up, there are great differences in the mechanism of entrepreneurial bricolage at the meso entrepreneurial organization level in different entrepreneurial situations. In the context of entrepreneurship in developed areas, the existing research mainly focuses on the research on how to improve the bricolage effect of the organization; In the context of entrepreneurship in underdeveloped areas, the existing research mainly focuses on how to http://abr.julypress.com Asian Business Research Vol. 7, No. 2, 2022 mobilize different organizations' resources through entrepreneurship to break through the bottleneck of enterprise development. This combing result reflects the study of the pre-influencing factors and outcome effect of entrepreneurship.

The Mechanism of Entrepreneurial Bricolage at the Micro Level
(1) Entrepreneurial situation in developed areas. The research topic focuses on exploring the ability and capital of entrepreneurs. First, in terms of entrepreneurial ability, entrepreneurs of existing resources help entrepreneurs to identify new uses and new value of resources (Baker and Nelson, 2005), high innovation, risk bearing and risk spirit of entrepreneurs can venture together through resource constraints (Salunkes and Mccoll-kennedy, 2013), entrepreneurs opportunity identification and entrepreneurial consciousness will help entrepreneurs identify new entrepreneurial opportunities, and then drive entrepreneurship together (Wei, 2014). Second, in terms of venture capital, rich previous experience (Fuglsangl, 2010), entrepreneurial experience and industry knowledge (Zhao and Zhang, 2016) are all conducive to enterprises to achieve entrepreneurial goals through entrepreneurial bricolage.In particular, social network, an important capital factor, has been studied by many scholars. For example, Baker and Nelson (2003) have followed entrepreneurs in the IT software industry for two years and found that the size and intensity of social networks can affect their bricolage behavior; Wei (2014) on China's small machining enterprises found that the relationship network will provide entrepreneurs with pooling resources and stimulate their bricolage behavior, which is obviously reflected in the bricolage practice of human resources and market resource endowment; Liu et al. (2020) pointed out that entrepreneurs' personal network, that is, "owned" social capital can be converted into "used" social capital through the intermediary role of entrepreneurship bricolage; Padilla-Melendez et al. (2020) noted that network bricolage activities can help companies overcome institutional constraints and identify new market opportunities.
(2) Entrepreneurship situation in underdeveloped areas. The research theme also focuses on exploring the ability and capital that entrepreneurs have. First, in terms of entrepreneurial ability, poor areas have rich natural resource endowment. Entrepreneurs can take advantage of the uniqueness of natural environmental conditions according to local conditions to encourage them to identify entrepreneurial opportunities ; Entrepreneurs with entrepreneurial spirit can assess the situation and plan the overall situation, maintain the dynamic balance between opportunities and resources in the process of entrepreneurship, and thus improve the bricolage efficiency (Sun and Ma, 2016), can also rely on the team strength to enhance the possibility of entrepreneurial success, and thus improve the ability of entrepreneurs (Gao and Zhang, 2014). Second, as far as venture capital is concerned, the previous experience (Huang and Lin, 2020) and informal social network relations (Huo and liu, 2020) all help entrepreneurs to improve their entrepreneurial knowledge structure and obtain diversified information resources, and thus improve the effect of entrepreneurial bricolage.
To sum up, there are also some differences in the mechanism of entrepreneurial bricolage at the individual level of micro entrepreneurship under different entrepreneurial situations. In contrast, the existing studies mostly explore the capital and ability of entrepreneurial individuals in developed areas, such as entrepreneurial spirit, entrepreneurial ability, social network and other aspects can fully illustrate this point. This combing results reflect the study of the pre-influencing factors of entrepreneurship.

The Result Effect of Entrepreneurial Bricolage in Different Entrepreneurial Situations
Existing research shows that there are two differences in the bricolage results effect of different entrepreneurial situations. First, the research topics are obviously different. In the context of entrepreneurship in developed areas, the result effect of entrepreneurship bricolage mainly focuses on entrepreneurial performance, innovation performance, market development, social value creation, new product development and other aspects, focusing on the research on how to promote the sustainable development of enterprises; In the situation of entrepreneurship in underdeveloped areas, the result effect of entrepreneurship bricolage mainly focuses on entrepreneurial performance, utilization innovation, identifying or developing entrepreneurial opportunities, increasing income, overcoming the difficulties of organizational resources, etc., and focuses on the research on how to solve the problems of enterprise growth. Second, the difference of the research purpose is obvious. It can be seen from the purpose of implementing entrepreneurial bricolage under different entrepreneurial situations that, entrepreneurial subjects in developed areas apply entrepreneurial bricolage to market development, social value creation and new product development, focusing on the research on how to realize the enterprise strategic mode; Entrepreneurial entities in underdeveloped areas apply the bricolage to improve entrepreneurial performance, overcome resource difficulties and increase income, and focus on the research on how to promote the growth of enterprises. In addition, the entrepreneurial bricolage theory is applied in the field of entrepreneurship (solve the problem of lack of enterprise resources) and China's economy, politics, culture under the comprehensive action of entrepreneurial situation, lack of resources is the endogenous problem in the process of entrepreneurial activities, is China's economic transformation macro level promote healthy market sustainable development, optimizing the allocation of resources, and micro level improve the key problem of creativity and innovation. In general, the research on the bricolage results effect of different entrepreneurial situations provides an important perspective for promoting regional sustainable development.

Research Conclusions and Future Outlook
In order to explore the driving factors, action mechanism and result effect of entrepreneurial bricolage under the perspective of different entrepreneurial situations, this paper constructs a literature combing paradigm of "driving factor-action mechanism-result effect" of entrepreneurial bricolage, and draws the following conclusions: First, the different driving factors of entrepreneurship bricolage from the perspective of different entrepreneurial situations are obviously different due to the different growth stages and resource endowment status of enterprises. Based on the phenomenon of resource redundancy exists in the developed areas, lack of resources in the developed and less developed areas, new enterprises and resource redundancy and lack exist in the entrepreneurial ecosystem, business incubators and other phenomenon, business together in different entrepreneurial situation of different types of enterprise application there are certain differences. Second, there are differences in the mechanism of macro entrepreneurial environment, meso entrepreneurial organization and the mechanism of micro entrepreneurial individuals. The mechanism of entrepreneurial bricolage in the entrepreneurial situation of developed areas is reflected in two aspects: situational factors and pre-influencing factors, while the mechanism of entrepreneurial bricolage in the entrepreneurial situation of underdeveloped areas is reflected in two aspects: result effect and pre-influencing factors. Third, the effect of different perspectives is different between the research theme and the research purpose. This shows that the application of entrepreneurial bricolage in enterprises in developed and underdeveloped areas is different, and the utilization mode of resource endowment based on entrepreneurial situation is a prominent embodiment of entrepreneurial bricolage.
In general, although the existing research has made a series of explorations on the driving factors, action mechanism and result effect of entrepreneurial bricolage under the perspective of different entrepreneurial situations, there are still many shortcomings. Therefore, based on the existing research results in the field of entrepreneurship (as shown in Figure 1), combined with the comprehensive factors such as China's current economic, political and cultural background, this paper puts forward three issues that can be further improved in the future.  Vol. 7, No. 2, 2022 (1) Improve the relevant research at the individual level of entrepreneurship bricolage. Lack of resources is an endogenous problem that needs to be overcome in the process of enterprise development, which belongs to the normal characteristics. The entrepreneurial bricolage theory system shows that the interaction and coupling between entrepreneurs, opportunities and resources is a prerequisite for the realization of entrepreneurial goals. That is to say, in different entrepreneurial scenarios, the effective matching of the three can improve the possibility of entrepreneurial success, but there is a lack of research on entrepreneurs (individual characteristics) that can effectively connect the "bridge" of opportunities and resources. System entrepreneurship, for example, as a new research direction in the field of entrepreneurship, some emerging economies system entrepreneurs first need to overcome is, how to reconcile the local traditional informal system and transplanted from the outside world of modern formal system, make the two have synergistic effect, but if the entrepreneurs of system resources and business opportunities, cannot through the entrepreneurial together to achieve the ultimate goal of entrepreneurship.
(2) Improve the relevant research on the result effect of entrepreneurial bricolage. The negative impact of existing research on entrepreneurial bricolage is only mentioned by a few scholars based on the entrepreneurial situation in developed areas, but it has not been further verified; For resource-scarce enterprises, the resources used do not meet the convention or industry standards, whether they need to frequently correct or repair to ensure the normal operation of enterprises also need to be further verified; For resource redundant enterprises, entrepreneurial pieced together using resources is left during the transformation of some backward capacity, or cannot match the current operation link, and temporarily idle resources, it does not have the obvious characteristics of the standard, low cost, using these resources can create new value for the enterprise also need to verify. Therefore, the future research needs to carry out a dynamic tracking investigation of the positive or negative impact of entrepreneurship, in order to put forward a more scientific and reasonable judgment.
(3) Improve the relevant research of entrepreneurship bricolage under different entrepreneurial situations. China is a country that pays attention to harmonious human relations, but due to the vast territory and the development imbalance, rapid economic growth and regional differences, resource diversification and unequal multi-dimensional characteristics, entrepreneurship in China a series of entrepreneurial situation, not simply in less developed areas the model of the developed areas. Therefore, the future research can China's developed and less developed regions as developed and less developed countries in the space of the perspective, more based on Chinese different entrepreneurial situation of entrepreneurial activities together research, in order to learn from foreign research results at the same time, explore suitable Chinese different entrepreneurial situation high level high quality development path.